A small, bulbous perennial known for its narrow, grass-like leaves and striking lilac flowers. It is cultivated primarily for its red stigmas, which are harvested as the valuable spice saffron.
• Exposure: Moderately wind-tolerant; tolerates sheltered coastal conditions but prefers well-protected sites.
• Size: 10–15 cm tall; 5–10 cm wide.
• Soil: Well-drained, sandy or loamy soils; prefers fertile, neutral to slightly alkaline soil; dislikes waterlogged conditions.
• Sun: Full sun essential for strong flowering and stigma production.
• Flowering Time: Autumn (typically October–November).
• Uses: Culinary and medicinal; stigmas harvested as saffron spice.
• Wildlife Benefits: Flowers attract early-season pollinators such as bees.
